Intelligence demonstrated by machines
“Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making computers behave in ways that, until recently, we thought required human intelligence”. That is a great way to define AI in a single sentence; however, it still shows how broad and vague the field is.
Artificial Intelligence is a science like mathematics or biology. It studies ways to build intelligent programs and machines that can creatively solve problems, which has always been considered a human prerogative.
On the other hand, Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. In ML, there are different algorithms that help to solve problems.